ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Because of the social isolation and distancing measures that were imposed to stop the spread of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), new ways of teaching were implemented. OBJECTIVES: To describe the implementation of telesimulation and seek to assess students' perceptions regarding telesimulation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective quantitative study conducted within the hospital simulation at a private medical school in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: After telesimulation training, students answered a questionnaire that provided an overall assessment of this activity, self-assessment and assessments of the facilitators and infrastructure provided by the University. RESULTS: Among the students, 50% reported that the activity was below expectations and 45% reported that it was in line with their expectations. The strong points of the activity were the clinical cases, workload and teachers. The main challenge was students' difficulty in reflecting on their learning and the infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS: Since students have less experience and fewer clinical encounters than residents or professionals, they also face more difficulty. Although telesimulation may have provided a valid alternative to replace simulation training during the COVID-19 pandemic, more face-to-face activities should be offered to students, when possible.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Medical , COVID-19 , Students , Brazil/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A toxoplasmose é uma infecção que ocorre em todo o mundo, mas tem a sua maior incidência em áreas tropicais. Trata-se de uma infecção comum na América Central e do Sul, especialmente em locais de clima moderado, mas também está associada a condições socioeconômicas e de má higiene. Apresenta um impacto significativo na Saúde pública, principalmente em decorrência do risco de transmissão vertical da doença para o feto. A infecção congênita ainda ocorre apesar da disponibilidade de exames para o diagnóstico e da terapêutica na gestante. Resulta, na maioria dos casos, da aquisição da infecção primária na gestação. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a incidência anual da toxoplasmose congênita nos nascimentos ocorridos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, no período de 1984 a 2006, usando dados de soroprevalência de uma amostra representativa desta população, através da modelação matemática. MÉTODOS: Uma análise sorológica retrospectiva anti-toxoplasma da cidade de Caieiras, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, em 1990, foi realizada para analisar a função de soroprevalência dependente da idade. Foram utilizadas 250 amostras de soros para análise de soroprevalência em idades de 1 a 40 anos e 199 soros amostras para a soroprevalência em crianças de 0 a 15 meses, e decaimento dos anticorpos de origem materna. Além disso, avaliou-se a força de infecção e a média de idade de aquisição da primeira infecção. O aumento na proporção de indivíduos imunes a cada intervalo de idade foi usado para calcular a proporção de novas infecções. Para a avaliação dos riscos de aquisição da toxoplasmose, foi tomado o número total de nascimentos ocorridos em um determinado ano como o número de gestantes por ano...
INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasmosis is an infection that occurs worldwide, but has its incidence higher in tropical areas. It is a common infection in Central and South America, especially in places of moderate climate, but too associated with poor socioeconomic conditions and hygiene. It has a significant impact from the public health perspective, mainly due to the risk of disease transmission through pregnancy. Congenital infection still occurs, despite the availability of diagnostic examinations and widespread therapy in pregnant women. It is the result, in most cases, of primary infection of a pregnant woman. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose is to estimate annual incidence of toxoplasmosis in births occurred in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region from 1984 to 2006, using seroprevalence data of a representative population sample, through mathematical modelling. METHODS: Retrospective anti-toxoplasma serology analysis from Caieiras City, Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region, in 1990, was conducted in order to fit age-dependent continuous seroprevalence function. It was used 250 sera samples to analyze seroprevalence in ages from 1 to 40 years and 199 sera samples to discuss the seroprevalence in children from 0 to 15 months and the decay of maternal antibodies. As well it was studied strength of infection and the average age of acquisition of the first infection. The increase in proportion of immune individuals at each age interval was used to calculate the proportion of new infections. To estimate risk to acquire toxoplasmosis, it was taken the total number of deliveries in a given year as the number of pregnant women per year. RESULTS: The seropositivity for women of childbearing age was 64.9% and for newborns 67.7%.The average age of acquisition of toxoplasmosis in this community was 10.74 years and estimate for the half-life of maternal antibodies in children was 2.32 months. The estimated annual incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis varied from 9.5 to 10.6 per 1000 births...